Silanized silicon acids

ABSTRACT

The silanized, pyrogenically prepared silicic acids which are not dispersed in a solvent are prepared by treating pyrogenically prepared silicic acids with an organosilane selected from the group (RO) 3  SiC n  H 2n+1 , in which n--from 10 to 18 and R stands for an alkyl.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/379,694, filed on Jan. 27, 1995, which was abandoned upon the filing hereof.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to silanized silicic acids, the process for preparing them, and their use as a thickening agent.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is known to produce a silanized, pyrogenically made silicic acid by treating the pyrogenically made silicic acid with dimethyldichorosilane (Publish, Examined German Patent Application DE-AS 11 63 784).

Pyrogenically made silicic acids are also known that carry chemically bound --SiC₈ H₁₇ groups, trimethylsilyl groups, or polydimethylsiloxane groups on their surface (Schriftenreihe Pigmente [Publication Series, "Pigments"] No. 11, page 15, Aug. 1991 Edition).

The subject of the invention is silanized, pyrogenically prepared silicic acids, which are characterized in that the pyrogenically prepared silicic acids are treated with a compound selected from the group (RO)₃ SiC_(n) H_(2n+1), where n=from 10 to 18 and R stands for an alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, or the like.

A silicic acid prepared by high-temperature hydrolytic means from SiCl₄ +H₂ and O₂ can be used as the pyrogenically prepared silicic acid.

In particular, a temperature-hydrolytically prepared silicic acid can be used that has the following physical-chemical specifications:

                                      TABLE 1                                      __________________________________________________________________________                        AEROSIL                                                                             AEROSIL                                                                              AEROSIL                                                                             AEROSIL                                                                              AEROSIL                                                                              AEROSIL                                                                              AEROSIL                                                                             AEROSIL                                 90   130   150  200   300   380   OX                                                                                  TT                   __________________________________________________________________________                                                               600                  Behavior with respect to water                                                                    hydrophilic                                                 Appearance         loose white powder                                          Surface area in accordance with                                                                   90 ± 15                                                                          130 ± 25                                                                          150 ± 15                                                                         200 ± 25                                                                          300 ± 30                                                                          380 ± 30                                                                          50                                                                                  200 ± 50          BET.sup.1) m.sup.2 /g                                                          Mean size of the primary particles, in nm                                                         20   16    14   12    7     7     40   40                   Stamping density .sup.2)                                                                          ca. 80                                                                              ca. 50                                                                               ca. 50                                                                              ca. 50                                                                               ca. 50                                                                               ca. 50                                                                               ca.                                                                                 ca. 60               Normal goods g/1   --   ca. 120                                                                              ca. 120                                                                             ca. 120                                                                              ca. 120                                                                              ca. 120                                                                              --   --                   Compacted goods g/1                                                            (Additive "V")                                                                 Drying loss .sup.3)                                                                               <1.0 <1.5  <0.5 .sup.9)                                                                        <1.5  <1.5  <1.5  <1.5 <2.5                 (2 hours at 1000° C.) %                                                 Upon leaving manufacturing plant                                               Annealing loss .sup.4) .sup.7) %                                                                  <1   <1    <1   <1    <2    <2.5  <1   <2.5                 (2 hours at 1000° C.)                                                   pH value .sup.5)(in 4% aqueous dispersion)                                                        3.6-4.5                                                                             3.6-4.3                                                                              3.6-4.3                                                                             3.6-4.3                                                                              3.6-4.3                                                                              3.6-4.3                                                                              3.6-4.8                                                                             3.6-4.5              SiO.sub.2 .sup.8) %                                                                               >99.8                                                                               >99.8 >99.8                                                                               >99.8 >99.8 >99.8 >99.8                                                                               >99.8                A1.sub.2 O.sub.3 .sup.8) %                                                                        <0.05                                                                               <0.05 <0.05                                                                               <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.08                                                                               <0.05                Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 .sup.8) %                                                                        <0.003                                                                              <0.003                                                                               <0.003                                                                              <0.003                                                                               <0.003                                                                               <0.003                                                                               <0.01                                                                               <0.003               TiO.sub.2 .sup.8) %                                                                               <0.03                                                                               <0.03 <0.03                                                                               <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03                                                                               <0.03                HC1 .sup.8) .sup.9) %                                                                             <0.025                                                                              <0.025                                                                               <0.025                                                                              <0.025                                                                               <0.025                                                                               <0.025                                                                               <0.025                                                                              <0.025               Screen residues .sup.6) %                                                                         <0.05                                                                               <0.05 <0.05                                                                               <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.2 <0.05                (Per Mocker, 45 μm)                                                         __________________________________________________________________________      .sup.1) in reliance on DIN 66131                                               .sup.2) in reliance on DIN ISO 787/XI, JIS K 5101/18 (unscreened)              .sup.3) in reliance on DIN ISO 787/II ASTM D 280, JIS K 5101/23                .sup.4) in reliance on DIN 55 921, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/21                  .sup.5) in reliance on DIN ISO 787/IX, ASTM D 1208, JIS K 5101/24              .sup.6) in DIN ISO 787/XVIII, JIS K 5101/20                                    .sup.7) referred to the 2 hours at 105° C. of dried substance           .sup.8) referred to the 2 hours at 1000° C. of the annealed             substance                                                                      .sup.9) HC1content is a component of the annealing loss                  

Pyrogenic silicic acids of this kind are known. They are described in the following literature, among other sources:

Winnacker-Kuchler, Chemische Technologie [Chemical Technology], Vol. 3 (1983), 4th Ed., page 77, and

Ullmanns Encyklopadie der technischen Chemie [Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry], 4th Ed. (1982), Vol. 21, p. 462.

The pyrogenically prepared silicic acids are treated with a compound selected from the group (RO)₃ SiC_(n) H_(2n+1), where n=from 10 to 18 and R stands for an alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, or the like.

In particular, the following compounds can be used:

Silane I: (CH₃ O)₃ SiC₁₆ H₃₃ (hexadecyltrimethoxysilane)

Silane II: (CH₃ O)₃ SiC₁₈ H₃₇ (octadecyltrimethoxysilane)

The silicic acids according to the invention can be prepared in that the pyrogenically prepared silicic acids are placed in a mixer, and while being mixed intensively the silicic acids are sprayed, optionally first with water and then with the compound (organosilane) selected from the group (RO)₃ SiC_(n) H_(2n+1), mixing is continued for from 15 to 30 minutes, and then temperature stabilization is done at a temperature of from 100° to 160° C. over a period of time from 1 to 3 h.

The water used may be acidified with an acid, such as hydrochloric acid, to a pH value of from 7 to 1.

The organosilane used can be dissolved in a solvent, such as ethanol.

The temperature stabilization can be carried out in a protective gas atmosphere, for instance in nitrogen.

The pyrogenically prepared silicic acids, silanized with silane I, according to the invention have the physical-chemical specifications listed in Table 2:

                                      TABLE 2                                      __________________________________________________________________________     E duct            A 90 A 130 A 150 A 200 A 300 A 380 OX                                                                                  TT                   __________________________________________________________________________                                                               600                  Mean size of the primary particles [nm]                                                          20   16    14    12    7     7     40   40                   Surface area per BET [m.sup.2 /g]                                                                40-90                                                                               60-130                                                                               75-150                                                                               100-200                                                                              150-300                                                                              200-380                                                                              20-50                                                                               100-250              Stamp density [g/1]                                                                              40-140                                                                              40-140                                                                               40-140                                                                               40-140                                                                               40-140                                                                               40-140                                                                               40-140                                                                              40-140               Drying loss [%]   <2   <2    <2    <2    <2    <2    <2   <2                   Annealing loss [%]                                                                               0.1-10                                                                              0.1-10                                                                               0.1-10                                                                               0.5-15                                                                               0.5-20                                                                               0.5-25                                                                               0.1-10                                                                              0.5-20               Carbon Content [%]                                                                               0.1-10                                                                              0.1-10                                                                               0.1-10                                                                               0.5-15                                                                               0.5-20                                                                               0.5-25                                                                               0.1-10                                                                              0.5-20               pH Value          3.5-5.5                                                                             3.5-5.5                                                                              3.5-5.5                                                                              3.5-5.5                                                                              3.5-5.5                                                                              3.5-5.5                                                                              3.5-5.5                                                                             3.5-5.5              __________________________________________________________________________

The silicic acids according to the invention are not dispersed in a solvent and can be employed as thickening agents in liquids, such as water-dilutable paints, and resins such as epoxy resins. The silicic acids according to the invention can also be employed in silicon rubber, rubber, cosmetic articles, toner powders, and as agents for improving pourability and also as reinforcing fillers.

EXAMPLES

The pyrogenically prepared silicic acids employed have the physical-chemical specifications listed in table 1.

As organosilanes, the following compounds of the general formula (RO)₃ SiC_(n) H_(2n+1) are used:

(Silane I): (CH₃ O)₃ SiC₁₆ H₃₃

(Silane II): (CH₃ O)₃ SiC₁₈ H₃₇

The silicic acid is placed in a mixer and sprayed first with water and then with organosilane, while being mixed intensively.

After the spraying has ended, further mixing continues for from 15 to 30 minutes, and then temperature stabilization is done for from 1 to 3 h at 100° to 160° C. The temperature stabilization may also be done in a protective gas, such as nitrogen.

The various reaction conditions may be learned from table 3.

The physical-chemical specifications of the silanized silicic acids obtained are listed in Tables 3-4.

                                      TABLE 3                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Exam-        Amount of Silane                                                                       Amount of Water                                                                        Amount of Ethanol                                                                       Temp. Stabilization                                                                     Temp. Stabilization             ple Aerosil                                                                            Silane                                                                              (g/100 g Aerosil                                                                       (/100 g Aerosil)                                                                       (g/100 g Aerosil)                                                                       Time (h) Temp. (°C.)              __________________________________________________________________________     1   A 200                                                                              Silane II                                                                           15      0       0        2        120                             2   A 300                                                                              Silane I                                                                            1       0       9        2        120                             3   A 200                                                                              Silane I                                                                            2.5     0       0        2        140                             4   A 200                                                                              Silane I                                                                            20      5       0        2        140                             5   A 200                                                                              Silane I                                                                            10      2.5     0        2        140                             6   A 200                                                                              Silane I                                                                            5       1.25    0        2        140                             7   A 200                                                                              Silane I                                                                            2.5     1.25    0        2        140                             __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 4                                      __________________________________________________________________________             Stamp density                                                                         Carbon content                                                                        Surface area                                                                         Drying loss                                                                          Annealing loss                               Example                                                                            Valve                                                                              (g/1)  (%)    (m .sup.2 /g)                                                                        (%)   (%)                                          __________________________________________________________________________     1   4.8 52     7.9    127   0.5   5.2                                          2   4.3 50     1.3    253   0.4   1.8                                          3   4.4 49     1.7    176   0.3   2.5                                          4   4.6 68     10.1   116   0.6   12.7                                         5   4.5 72     5.7    144   0.6   7.1                                          6   4.7 52     2.6    167   0.6   3.4                                          7   4.5 51     1.9    171   0.7   2.5                                          __________________________________________________________________________

The thickening action was tested for the silicic acids prepared according to the invention. As the model system, a mixture of propanol and water in a ratio of 1:1 was chosen, with 150 g of starting materials and 7.5 g of silicic acid by weight (5 weight %). Dispersion was done for 5 minutes at 2500 rpm with dissolver and measured with a Brookfield RVT viscometer (spindle 4):

    ______________________________________                                         Example      System or silicic acid                                                                       Viscosity                                           ______________________________________                                         8            propanol/water 1:1                                                                           80                                                  9            Aerosil 200   200                                                 10           per example 3 400                                                 11           per example 4 14000                                               12           per example 5 9800                                                13           per example 6 800                                                 14           per example 7 400                                                 ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen that the silanized silicic acids according to the invention, in terms of thickening, are superior to the untreated starting silicic acid A 200. 

What is claimed is:
 1. Silanized, pyrogenically prepared silicic acids which are not dispersed in a solvent, produced by the process characterized in that the pyrogenically prepared silicic acids are placed in a mixer, and while being mixed the silicic acids are sprayed, optionally first with water and then with the compound (RO)₃ SiC_(n) H_(2n+1), where n=from 10 to 18 and R stands for an alkyl, with the proviso that the compound is not stearyltrimethoxy-silane, and mixing is continued for from 15 to 30 minutes, and then temperature stabilization is done at a temperature of from 100° to 160° C. over a period of time from 1 to 3 h.
 2. A process for preparing silanized, pyrogenically prepared silicic acids which are not dispersed in a solvent, characterized in that pyrogenically prepared silicic acids are placed in a mixer, and while being mixed the silicic acids are sprayed, optionally first with water and then with the compound (RO)₃ SiC_(n) H_(2n+1), mixing is continued for from 15 to 30 minutes, and then temperature stabilization is done at a temperature of from 100° to 160° C. over a period of time from 1 to 3 h. 